Decay

Draining a stock with a given average residence time

Diagram

Information

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The stock connected to port A (stockA) will be gradually drained at a rate determined by the average time of residence (residenceTime) in the stock. The rate which drains the stock (draining) is given by:

draining = stockA.y / residenceTime

Implementation

The residence time is clipped to never be smaller than the global parameter dt.

Notes

The process of decay is essentially exponential decline, since the outflow is a fraction of the stock. The rate of decay thus also exponentially declines towards zero if there is no inflow to the stock, that is connected to port A.

If there is no inflow to the stock the level of the stock will be less than α x InitialLevel (0 < α <1) after a time span of - ln(α) × residenceTime.

So we can note the following multiples for the residenceTime to calculate the time it takes to drain the stock A to α [%] of its initial level:

α [%] Time to drain as multiple of the residenceTime
50

0.69 ⋅ residenceTime

1/e ≈ 37

1.0 ⋅ residenceTime

10

2.3 ⋅ residenceTime

5

3.0 ⋅ residenceTime

1

4.6 ⋅ residenceTime

0.1 = 1 ‰

6.9 ⋅ residenceTime

The time span it takes to drain the stock by half is called its half life. As can be seen from the equation and table above it is about ln(2) residenceTime ≈ 69% of the (average) residence time.

See also

ProportionalTransitionExponentialDecay

Parameters (2)

residenceTime

Value: unspecified

Type: Time (s)

Description: Constant time of average residence (optional)

hasConstantResidenceTime

Value: false

Type: Boolean

Description: = true, if the parameter residenceTime will be used instead of the continuous input u

Connectors (6)

portA

Type: FlowPort

Description: Flow from/to Stock A

portB

Type: FlowPort

Description: Flow to/from Stock B

y

Type: RealOutput

Description: Rate information

y1

Type: RealOutput

Description: Rate information

y2

Type: RealOutput

Description: Rate information

u

Type: RealInput

Description: Residence time input

Components (5)

levelA

Type: FlowPortSensor

Description: Report the amount in the connected stock (Port A)

parDelayTime

Type: ConstantConverterTime

Description: Constant delay time (optional)

clippedResidenceTime

Type: ClipProcessTime

Description: Residence time may not be smaller than dt

indicatedRate

Type: Division

Description: Division without protection against division by zero

draining

Type: Transition

Description: Flow from stock A to stock B

Used in Components (1)

ExponentialDecay

BusinessSimulation.SourcesOrSinks

A stock is drained at a rate proportional to its content

Revisions

  • Value for parameter set to unspecified in v2.1.0.